Silvio Berlusconi, 86, the boastful billionaire media mogul who was Italy’s longest-serving premier despite scandals over his sex-fueled parties and allegations of corruption, died Monday, based on his television network.
Mediaset announced his death with a smiling photo of the person on its homepage and the headline: “Berlusconi is dead.”
Berlusconi was hospitalized on Friday for the second time in months for treatment of chronic leukemia.
He also suffered through the years from heart ailments, prostate cancer and was hospitalized for COVID-19 in 2020.
A onetime cruise ship crooner, Berlusconi used his television networks and immense wealth to launch his long political profession, inspiring each loyalty and loathing.
To admirers, the three-time premier was a capable and charismatic statesman who sought to raise Italy on the world stage.
To critics, he was a populist who threatened to undermine democracy by wielding political power as a tool to complement himself and his businesses.
His Forza Italia political party was a coalition partner with current Premier Giorgia Meloni, a far-right leader who got here to power last 12 months, although he held no position in the federal government.
His friendship with Russian President Vladimir Putin put him at odds with Meloni, a staunch supporter of Ukraine.
On his 86th birthday, while the war raged, Putin sent Berlusconi best wishes and vodka, and the Italian boasted he returned the favor by sending back Italian wine.
Former Premier Matteo Renzi recalled Berlusconi’s divisive legacy in a message on Twitter on Monday. “Silvio Berlusconi made history on this country.
Many loved him, many hated him.
All must recognize that his impact on political life, but in addition economic, sport and tv, has been without precedence.”
League party leader Matteo Salvini called Berlusconi “a terrific man and a terrific Italian.”
As Berlusconi aged, some derided his perpetual tan, hair transplants and live-in girlfriends who were many years younger.
For a few years, nonetheless, Berlusconi seemed untouchable despite the private scandals.
Criminal cases were launched but resulted in dismissals when statutes of limitations ran out in Italy’s slow-moving justice system, or he was victorious on appeal.
Investigations targeted the tycoon’s steamy so-called “bunga bunga” parties involving young women and minors, or his businesses, which included the soccer team AC Milan, the country’s three biggest private TV networks, magazines and a day by day newspaper, and promoting and film firms.
Just one led to a conviction — a tax fraud case stemming from a sale of movie rights in his business empire.
The conviction was upheld in 2013 by Italy’s top criminal court, but he was spared prison due to his age, 76, and was ordered to do community service by assisting Alzheimer’s patients.
He still was stripped of his Senate seat and banned from running or holding public office for six years, under anti-corruption laws.
He stayed at the helm of Forza Italia, the center-right party he created when he entered politics within the Nineteen Nineties and named for a soccer cheer, “Let’s go, Italy.”
With no groomed successor in sight, voters began to abandon it.
He eventually held office again — elected to the European Parliament at age 82 after which last 12 months to the Italian Senate.
Berlusconi’s party was eclipsed because the dominant force on Italy’s political right: first by the League, led by anti-migrant populist Salvini, then by Meloni’s Brothers of Italy party, with its roots in neo-fascism.
Following elections in 2022, Meloni formed a governing coalition with their help.
He suffered personal humiliations as well.
Berlusconi lost his standing as Italy’s richest man, although his sprawling media holdings and luxury real estate still left him a billionaire several times over.
In 2013, guests at one in all his parties included an under-age Moroccan dancer whom prosecutors alleged had sex with Berlusconi in exchange for money and jewellery.
After a trial spiced by lurid details, a Milan court initially convicted Berlusconi of paying for sex with a minor and using his office to attempt to cover it up.
Each denied having sex with one another, and he was eventually acquitted.
The Catholic Church, at times sympathetic to his conservative politics, was scandalized by his antics, and his wife of nearly 20 years divorced him, but Berlusconi was unapologetic, declaring: “I’m no saint.”
Berlusconi insisted that voters were impressed by his brashness.
“The vast majority of Italians of their hearts would love to be like me and see themselves in me and in how I behave,” he said in 2009, during his third and final stint as premier.
His second term, from 2001-06, was perhaps his golden era, when he became Italy’s longest-serving head of presidency and boosted its global profile through his friendship with U.S. President George W. Bush.
Bucking widespread sentiment at home and in Europe, Berlusconi backed the U.S.-led war in Iraq.
As a businessman who knew the facility of images, Berlusconi introduced U.S.-style political campaigns — with big party conventions and slick promoting — that broke with the grey world of Italian politics, wherein voters essentially selected parties and never candidates.
His rivals needed to adapt.
Berlusconi saw himself as Italy’s savior from what he described because the Communist menace — years after the Berlin Wall fell.
From the beginning of his political profession in 1994, he portrayed himself because the goal of a judiciary he described as stuffed with leftist sympathizers.
He all the time proclaimed his innocence.
When the anti-establishment 5-Star Movement gained strength, Berlusconi branded it as a menace worse than Communism.
His close friendship with longtime Socialist leader and former Premier Bettino Craxi was widely credited for helping him grow to be a media baron.
Still, Berlusconi billed himself as a self-made man, saying, “My formula for fulfillment is to be present in 4 words: work, work and work.”
He boasted of his libido and entertained friends and world leaders at his villas.
At one party, newspapers reported the ladies were dressed as “little Santas.”
At one other, photos showed topless women and a unadorned man lounging poolside.
“I really like life! I really like women!” an unrepentant Berlusconi said in 2010.
He occasionally chosen TV starlets for posts in his Forza Italia party.
“If I weren’t married, I’d marry you immediately,” Berlusconi reportedly said in 2007 to Mara Carfagna, who later became a Cabinet minister.
Berlusconi’s wife publicly demanded an apology.
Berlusconi was nicknamed “Papi” — or “Daddy” — by an aspiring model whose 18th birthday bash he attended, also to his wife’s irritation.
Later, self-described escort Patrizia D’Addario said she spent the night with him on the evening that Barack Obama was elected U.S. president in 2008.
From his cruise ship entertainer days, Berlusconi loved to compose and sing Neapolitan songs. Like tens of millions of Italians, he had a passion for soccer, and sometimes was within the stands at AC Milan.
He delighted in flouting political etiquette.
He sported a bandanna when hosting British Prime Minister Tony Blair at his estate on the Emerald Coast of Sardinia, and it was later revealed he was concealing hair transplants.
He posed for photos at international summits making an Italian gesture — which may be offensive or superstitious, depending on circumstances — wherein the index and pinkie fingers are prolonged like horns.
He stirred anger after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the USA by claiming Western civilization was superior to Islam.
When criticized in 2003 at the European Parliament by a German lawmaker, Berlusconi likened his adversary to a concentration camp guard.
Years later, he drew outrage when he compared his family’s legal woes to what Jews will need to have encountered in Nazi Germany.
Berlusconi was born in Milan on Sept. 29, 1936, the son of a middle-class banker.
He earned a law degree, writing his thesis on promoting.
He began a construction company at 25 and built apartment complexes for middle-class families on Milan’s outskirts, a part of a postwar boom.
But his astronomical wealth got here from the media.
Within the late Nineteen Seventies and Nineteen Eighties, he circumvented Italy’s state TV monopoly RAI by making a de facto network wherein local stations all showed the identical programming.
RAI and Mediaset accounted for about 90% of the national market in 2006.
When the “Clean Hands” corruption scandals of the Nineteen Nineties decimated the political establishment that had dominated postwar Italy, Berlusconi filled the void, founding Forza Italia in 1994.
His first government in 1994 collapsed after eight months when an ally who led an anti-immigrant party yanked support.
But aided by an aggressive campaign that included mass mailings of glossy magazines recounting his success story, Berlusconi swept to victory in 2001.
Shuffling his Cabinet occasionally, he stayed in power for five years, setting a record for presidency longevity in Italy. It wasn’t easy.
A Group of Eight summit he hosted in Genoa in 2001 was marred by violent anti-globalization demonstrations and the death of a protester shot by a police officer.
Berlusconi faced fierce domestic opposition and alienated some allies by sending 3,000 troops to Iraq after the ouster of Saddam Hussein in 2003.
For a time, Italy was the third-largest contingent within the U.S. coalition.
At home, he continually faced accusations of sponsoring laws aimed at protecting himself or his businesses, but he insisted he all the time acted within the interest of all Italians.
Laws passed when he was premier allowing officeholders to own media businesses but not run them was deemed by his critics to be tailor made for Berlusconi.
An admirer of U.S. President Ronald Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Berlusconi passed reforms that partially liberalized the labor and pension systems, amongst Europe’s most inflexible.
He also was chummy with Putin, who stayed at his Sardinian estate, and he visited the Russian leader, notably going to Crimea after Moscow illegally annexed the peninsula in 2014.
In 2006, as Italy was ridiculed as “the sick man of Europe,” with its economy mired in zero growth and its budget deficit rising, Berlusconi narrowly lost the final election to center-left leader Romano Prodi, who had been president of the European Union Commission.
In 2008, he bounced back for what can be his final term as premier. It ended abruptly in 2011, when financial markets lost faith in his ability to maintain Italy from succumbing to the eurozone’s sovereign debt crisis.
To the relief of economic powerhouse Germany, Berlusconi reluctantly stepped down.
Health concerns dogged him through the years.
He underwent surgery for prostate cancer in 1997.
In November 2006, he fainted during a speech, and the subsequent month flew to the U.S., where he received a pacemaker at the Cleveland Clinic.
He underwent more heart surgery in 2016.
During a political rally in 2009, a person threw a souvenir statuette of Milan’s cathedral at Berlusconi, fracturing his nose, cracking two teeth and cutting his lip.
Berlusconi was first married in 1965 to Carla Dall’Oglio, and their two children, Marina and Piersilvio, were groomed to carry top positions in his business empire.
He married his second wife, Veronica Lario, in 1990, they usually had three children, Barbara, Eleonora and Luigi.